This paper was written as part of a collaborative effort between the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices, Hudson Institute, and the Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP). Funded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation, the purpose of the “Increasing State and Local Capacity for Cross-Systems Innovation” project is to gain a clearer understanding of the flexibility, opportunities, and barriers that exist under current federal law with respect to cross-program integration both within human services programs and across the welfare and workforce systems.