By Karin Martinson and Julie Strawn, May 2002

The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant gives states flexibility to design programs aimed at helping low-income parents secure employment, but it restricts the extent to which education and training can count toward federal work participation requirements. These limitations conflict with research showing that low skills are a significant barrier for welfare recipients in achieving lasting employment and earning a sufficient income. Successful welfare-to-work programs have effectively integrated education, vocational training, and job search services, demonstrating that enhancing skills, especially through postsecondary education, leads to better long-term employment outcomes, despite the time investment required.

>>Read full report